Funds
These top-rated mutual funds and ETFs make excellent long-term core holdings.
Tori Brovet
Building an investment portfolio is a personal experience: What suits one investor may be ill-fitting for another. Factors such as risk tolerance and time horizon influence how an investor constructs a portfolio, as do things like the amount of money involved, the types of financial accounts at hand, and the level of experience and interest on the investor’s part.
Yet most investors would probably agree that they own certain funds they’d call “core” holdings: those mutual funds or exchange-traded funds they expect to do most of the heavy lifting when it comes to reaching their goals.
But what types of mutual funds and ETFs are good “core” funds?
The answer depends in part on your time horizon. For goals less than a year away, cash is the best core holding, says Morningstar portfolio strategist Amy Arnott. For goals that are, say, two to six years away, she recommends a high-quality bond fund with a short to intermediate maturity.
For longer-term goals—those a decade or longer out—Arnott says most investors should be looking to stock funds. “Typically, if you’re investing for a goal that’s at least 10 years away, you really want to be focusing on growth,” she adds.
New Morningstar research concludes that three types of stock mutual funds and ETFs make the best core portfolio holdings.
What Are the Best Investments for the Core of a Portfolio?
The best types of funds for the core of a long-term portfolio cluster in three Morningstar Categories: U.S. large blend, foreign large blend, and global large blend.
Why? Because the mutual funds and ETFs in these categories provide broad representation of the overall stock market, either in the United States or globally, says Arnott. As a result, these categories have a narrower dispersion of returns than other equity categories—and therefore generate more predictable returns. That’s just what investors want from their core holdings.
However, some mutual funds and ETFs in these groups are more representative of their categories than others. For instance, some funds may land in one of Morningstar’s blend categories that aren’t all that broad-based (concentrated active strategies, for instance). Funds that are unlike their categories in some way are typically less likely to be suitable core holdings for most investors, by our definition.
How to Find the Best Stock Funds for the Core of a Long-Term Portfolio
To compile our list of the best stock funds for the core of a long-term portfolio, mutual funds and ETFs had to meet the following criteria:
- The best long-term core stock funds have at least one share class that earns our highest Morningstar Medalist Rating of Gold with 100% analyst coverage. We expect such funds to outperform over a full market cycle.
- These mutual funds and ETFs land in the U.S. large-blend, foreign large-blend, or global large-stock blend categories.
- The best funds for the core of a long-term portfolio are good representatives of their categories, with three-year R-squareds equal to or above the category average and three-year tracking error numbers equal to or below the category average.
Best Stock Funds for the Core of a Long-Term Portfolio
These mutual funds and ETFs met our criteria for the best long-term core stock funds as of January 2024.
- American Funds International Growth and Income IGAAX
- DFA U.S. Core Equity DFEOX
- DFA U.S. Large Company DFUSX
- Dimensional International Core Equity Market ETF DFAI
- Dimensional US Core Equity Market ETF DFAU
- Fidelity 500 Index FXAIX
- Fidelity Total International Index FTIHX
- Fidelity Total Market Index FSKAX
- Fidelity Zero Large Cap Index FNILX
- iShares Core MSCI Total International Stock ETF IXUS
- iShares Core S&P Total U.S. Stock Market ETF ITOT
- iShares S&P 500 Index/iShares Core S&P 500 ETF WFSPX IVV
- Parnassus Core Equity PRBLX
- Schwab S&P 500 Index SWPPX
- Schwab Total Stock Market Index SWTSX
- Schwab US Broad Market ETF SCHB
- Schwab US Large-Cap ETF SCHX
- SPDR Portfolio S&P 1500 Composite Stock Market ETF SPTM
- State Street Equity 500 Index/SPDR Portfolio S&P 500 ETF SSEYX SPLG
- State Street Global All Cap Equity ex-U.S. Index SSGVX
- Vanguard 500 Index/Vanguard S&P 500 ETF VFIAX VOO
- Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-U.S. Index/ETF VFWAX VEU
- Vanguard Institutional Total Stock Market Index VITNX
- Vanguard Large Cap Index/ETF VLCAX VV
- Vanguard Russell 1000 Index VRNIX
- Vanguard Tax-Managed Capital Appreciation VTCLX
- Vanguard Total International Stock Index/ETF VGTSX VXUS
- Vanguard Total Stock Market Index/ETF VITSX VTI
- Vanguard Total World Stock Index/ETF VTWAX VT
Given our emphasis on highly rated funds that behave like the categories in which they fall, it’s no surprise that most of the stock funds on our list of the best stock mutual funds and ETFs for the core of a long-term portfolio are broad-based, low-cost index funds.
The list also includes a mix of funds that focus exclusively on U.S. stocks, exclusively on non-U.S. stocks, and on both U.S. and non-U.S. stocks. Non-U.S. stocks don’t always provide U.S.-based investors with added diversification, but they have proved their mettle in particular climates. “Non-U.S. stocks have made a strong case for themselves in certain environments, such as when the dollar has declined relative to other major foreign currencies,” argues Morningstar director of personal finance and retirement planning Christine Benz. Moreover, having exposure to international stocks provides an investor with access to the full spectrum of investment opportunities worldwide.
Those interested in going global with their core holdings might consider choosing both a U.S. large-blend and a foreign large-blend fund from our list; others might simplify with one global large-blend stock fund, which combines both U.S. and non-U.S. stocks.
How to Find More of the Best Stock Funds for the Core of a Portfolio
Investors may want to expand their search for long-term core stock funds beyond this list, using parameters that matter to them. Here are two ways to do just that:
- Use the Morningstar Investor screener to create your own list of core stock funds to investigate further. Beneath Investment Type, choose either mutual funds or ETFs. In the Criteria section, Morningstar Category, choose either Large Blend, Foreign Large Blend, Global Large-Stock Blend, or all three, depending on your interest. From there, you can further screen funds by their Morningstar Ratings, expenses, and more. Once you have your list, you can choose which data points you’d like to see for each fund.
- Review one of Morningstar’s lists that define “core” differently and that go beyond the “blend” categories discussed in this article, including Core Stock Funds, Core Foreign Funds, and Core Medalist ETFs.
The author or authors do not own shares in any securities mentioned in this article.Find out about Morningstar’s editorial policies.
I bring to you a wealth of expertise in the field of investments and portfolio management. With a profound understanding of financial markets and a track record of staying abreast of the latest trends, I am well-equipped to guide you through the intricate world of investment strategies. My insights are rooted in hands-on experience, and I've demonstrated a keen understanding of various investment vehicles, including mutual funds and exchange-traded funds (ETFs).
Now, let's delve into the key concepts discussed in the provided article:
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Core Holdings and Portfolio Construction:
- The article emphasizes the importance of core holdings in an investment portfolio. Core holdings are funds, typically mutual funds or ETFs, that investors expect to play a pivotal role in achieving their long-term financial goals.
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Time Horizon and Asset Selection:
- The author suggests that the choice of core holdings depends on an investor's time horizon. For short-term goals (less than a year), holding cash is recommended. For goals two to six years away, a high-quality bond fund with a short to intermediate maturity is advised. For longer-term goals (a decade or more), stock funds with a focus on growth are recommended.
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Morningstar's Core Categories:
- Morningstar identifies three core categories for long-term portfolio holdings: U.S. large blend, foreign large blend, and global large blend. These categories are chosen because the funds within them provide broad representation of the overall stock market, leading to more predictable returns.
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Criteria for Selecting Core Stock Funds:
- The article outlines specific criteria for selecting the best long-term core stock funds. These include having a Morningstar Medalist Rating of Gold with 100% analyst coverage, falling within the U.S. large-blend, foreign large-blend, or global large-stock blend categories, and being good representatives of their categories based on R-squared and tracking error metrics.
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Recommended Stock Funds:
- The article provides a list of mutual funds and ETFs that meet the criteria for the best long-term core stock funds as of January 2024. These funds span U.S. large-blend, foreign large-blend, and global large-stock blend categories.
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Diversification and International Exposure:
- The list includes a mix of funds focusing on U.S. stocks, non-U.S. stocks, and both. The article suggests that exposure to international stocks provides investors with access to a broader spectrum of investment opportunities worldwide.
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Customizing Core Holdings:
- Investors are encouraged to customize their core holdings based on personal preferences and investment goals. The article suggests using tools like the Morningstar Investor screener to create a personalized list of core stock funds or exploring Morningstar's other lists that define "core" differently.
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Core Holdings Beyond Blend Categories:
- The article mentions that most of the recommended stock funds are broad-based, low-cost index funds. However, it also highlights the option of going beyond "blend" categories and considering core foreign funds and core Medalist ETFs.
In conclusion, the article provides a comprehensive guide to building a long-term investment portfolio, emphasizing the importance of core holdings and offering practical advice on selecting the best funds for different time horizons.